Marine structuers are one of the most important and susceptible facilities in Iran due to corrosion. The two methods of Cathodic Protection, namely, the cathodic protection with sacrificial anodes and cathodic protection using impressed current, are widely used for corrosion protection. According to the former, sacrificial anodes are installed at several points in the structure.Position of the anodes for achieving the required protection is a problem that engineers are very much interested in, and only empirical methods have so far been used to defermine these positions. Empirical rules, however, might cause either overprotection or underprotection. A major goal of this research is to develop a systematic way for analysis and automated design of Cathodic Protection systems that not only deliver almost uniformly protected structures but also minimize the costs. To this end, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) routine is used to determine the optimal position of anodes on the structure such that a uniformly protected design with minimum cost is achieved. The percentage of protection in each design has been taken as its fitness criterion. To figure out the situation of corrosion protection on the structure, the entire offshore structure with its complex system at anodes and surrounding electrolyte is modeled and analyzed by a finite element algorithm. Employing GA gradually modifies the generation of designs. The design which completely protects the structure and whose cost is minimum is introduced as the optimum design. To show the capability of the proposed method in achieving the optimum design, two examples are offshore presented.

OBJECTIVES: Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSc) are known for a long period of time. These cells are adherent, clonogenic and fibroblastic and can be isolated from bone marrow stroma of postnatal organisms. Under appropriate conditions, these cells can give rise to the broad spectrum of fully differentiated connective tissues including cartilage, bone, adipose tissues and muscle cells. Upon isolating of cells in vitro, these cells tend to differentiate and it is very difficult to direct these cells into self-renewal in order to get more Multipotent MSc for medical purposes. In the previons study, the effect of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on MSc was investigated and it was shown that in the presence of LIP, MSc have more proliferation ability and the self renewal ability of cells increases. Also it was shown that these cells tend to differentiate into bones. In this study the effect of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitor (MAPKI) on MSc was investigated. METHODS: Bone marrow stroma cells were extracted from 2-month-old mice. These cells were cultured in a medium containing 25 micro moles MAPKI. After formation of colonies, cells were stained by methylen blue. The activity of alkaline Phosphatase was also investigated. To study the effect of both LIP and MAPKI simultaneously on colony formation ability of MSc, cells were cultured in a culture containing 25 micro moles MAPKI and 500 U/ml LIF. The number and size of colonies was studied. Results: In the presence of MAPKI the number and the size of colonies (CFU-F) formed in the culture was significantly decreased. The number of CFU-ALP+ in the culture containing MAPKI was decreased according to the decrease of CFU-F number. Adding MAPKI to a medium containing LIF neutralized the effect of LIP on MSc. Conclusion: The presence of MAPKI in the culture affects the number of colonies. This factor, despite LIP, does not affect the expression of alkaline phosphatase in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. UF increases the self renewal and proliferative ability of cells. Adding MAPKI factor to a culture containing LIP neutralizes the proliferative effect of LIF.

Salinity stress is one of the most important factors causing yield loss in crop worldwide. Programmed cell death plays an important role in adapting to environmental stress. Understanding the molecular basis of PCD mechanism makes possible genetically manipulation of plants to improve environmental stress tolerance. BAX Inhibitor 1 is a candidate for this purpose. In this study, the potential role of a gene which encodes BAX Inhibitor 1-like protein (BI_85) in salt tolerance was evaluated using bioinformatics tools such as promoter and gene regulatory network analysis, as well as relative expression of BI_85 in susceptible (Alamut) and salt resistant (Arg) cultivars and a wild relative Aegilops crassa, by Real-time PCR. According to the regulatory network, this gene may act upstream of the SOS signaling pathway. According to promoter analysis, the presence of stress-responsive regulatory elements such as ABRE (abscisic acid responsive element), LTR (low-temperature responsive element), MBS (MYB binding site involved in drought-inducibility), CGTCA-motif (MeJAresponsive element), TGACG-motif (MeJA-responsive element), ERE (ethylene-responsive element), and GT-1 motif (salt responsive element) in the promoter confirms the role of this gene in environmental stresses tolerance including salinity. It was also figured out that the expression patterns of BI_85 was significantly different between susceptible and salt resistant cultivars in response to salt stress. Overall, it can be concluded that BI_85 can contribute to salt tolerance in wheat and can be used for genetic manipulation to improve tolerance to stress.

Understanding the changes in effective parameters in this processes and interaction of these parameters are important for increasing efficiency and quality of cathodic electrode position paint. The effect of operating parameters of cathodic electrode position paint on superior mechanical coating was evaluated in this research. The plates were prepared using 85 different states of voltage and temperatures. The following tests were used for evaluating superior mechanical of coating: adhesive, thickness, flexibility and corrosion resistant. All tests were carried out according to ASTM standard. The results showed that 35oC is a critical temperature for cathodic electrode position paint and a temperature higher than 35oC caused a reduction in coating properties, especially reducing corrosion resistant. Using voltage above the rupture voltage effected all of the coating properties and film properties were reduced severely. The results showed that the best temperature and voltage for 150-second reaction were ranged from 30 to 32 oC and 240 to 260 voltages respectively

Molybdenum is determined by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry in 0.15 M nitric acid solution containing 15 μM 2’,3,4’,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone (morin) as a ligand. In this medium, molybdenum is preconcentrated on a hanging mercury drop electrode and stripped cathodically in square-wave voltammetry mode, with a peak potential of -350 mV vs. Ag/AgCl (saturated KCl). The effect of various parameters (ligand concentration, supporting electrolyte composition, accumulation potential and collection time) on the sensitivity and linear range of the calibration curve are discussed. With controlled accumulation for 1 min, the detection limit (3s) was 0.45 ng ml-1 molybdenum and the calibration curve is linear up to 70 ng ml-1. The procedure is applied to the determination of molybdenum in real samples with satisfactory results.